Don't miss these 12 possible warning signs that
something is amiss with your heart.
Heart disease is the No. 1 killer of U.S. men and women,
accounting for 40% of all U.S. deaths. That's more than
all forms of cancer combined.
Why is heart disease so deadly? One reason is that
many people are slow to seek help when symptoms arise.
Yes, someone gripped by sudden chest pain probably knows
to call 911. But heart symptoms aren't always intense or obvious,
and they vary from person to person and according to gender.
Because it can be hard to make sense of heart symptoms,
doctors warn against ignoring possible warning signs,
toughing them out, waiting to see if they go away, or
being quick to blame them on heartburn, muscle soreness,
or other less serious, noncardiac causes. That's especially true
for men and people over 65, as well as for people with
other cardiac risk factors, such as high cholesterol or
blood pressure, obesity, smoking, diabetes, or a family history
of heart disease.
"The more risk factors you have, the higher the likelihood
that a symptom means something is going on with your heart,"
says David Frid, MD, a cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic.
"People often don't want to admit that they're old enough or sick
enough to have heart trouble. Putting off treatment for other
medical problems might not be so bad, but a serious heart problem
can mean sudden death. It's better to go in and get it evaluated
than to be dead."
12 Possible Heart Symptoms Never to Ignore
Here are a dozen symptoms that may signal heart trouble.
1. Anxiety. Heart attack can cause intense anxiety or
a fear of death. Heart attack survivors often talk
about having experienced a sense of "impending doom."
2. Chest discomfort. Pain in the chest is the classic symptom
of heart attack, and "the No. 1 symptom that we typically
look for," says Jean C. McSweeney, PhD, RN, associate dean
for research at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
College of Nursing in Little Rock and a pioneer in research
on heart symptoms in women. But not all heart attacks
cause chest pain, and chest pain can stem from ailments
that have nothing to do with the heart.
Heart-related chest pain is often centered under the
breastbone, perhaps a little to the left of center. The pain has
been likened to "an elephant sitting on the chest," but it
can also be an uncomfortable sensation of pressure, squeezing,
or fullness. "It's not unusual for women to describe the pain
as a minor ache," McSweeney says. "Some women say the
pain wasn't bad enough even to take a Tylenol."
Women, more so than men, can also experience a burning
sensation in their chest, rather than a pressure or pain.
"Sometimes people make the mistake that the pain comes
from a stomach problem," says Nieca Goldberg, MD,
clinical associate professor of medicine at the NYU
Langone Medical Center in New York City and another expert
on women's heart symptoms.
3. Cough. Persistent coughing or wheezing can be a symptom
of heart failure -- a result of fluid accumulation in the lungs.
In some cases, people with heart failure cough up bloody phlegm.
4. Dizziness. Heart attacks can cause lightheadedness and
loss of consciousness. So can potentially dangerous heart
rhythm abnormalities known as arrhythmias.
5. Fatigue. Especially among women, unusual fatigue can occur
during a heart attack as well as in the days and weeks leading
up to one. And feeling tired all the time may be a symptom of
heart failure. Of course, you can also feel tired or fatigued
for other reasons. How can you tell heart-related fatigue from
other types of fatigue? "If you don't feel well and all the wind
is knocked out of your sails, don't try to figure it out
on the Internet or from a book," says Goldberg. "Wasting time
is dangerous."
6. Nausea or lack of appetite. It's not uncommon for people to
feel sick to their stomach or throw up during a heart attack.
And abdominal swelling associated with heart failure
can interfere with appetite.
7. Pain in other parts of the body. In many heart attacks,
pain begins in the chest and spreads to the shoulders, arms,
elbows, back, neck, jaw, or abdomen. But sometimes
there is no chest pain -- just pain in these other body areas.
The pain might come and go.
Men having a heart attack often feel pain in the left arm.
In women, the pain is more likely to be felt in both arms,
or between the shoulder blades.
8. Rapid or irregular pulse. Doctors say that there's nothing
worrisome about an occasional skipped heartbeat. But a rapid
or irregular pulse -- especially when accompanied by weakness,
dizziness, or shortness of breath -- can be evidence of a
heart attack, heart failure, or an arrhythmia. Left untreated,
some arrhythmias can lead to stroke, heart failure, or sudden death.
9. Shortness of breath. People who feel winded at rest or
with minimal exertion might have a pulmonary condition
like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
But breathlessness could also indicate a heart attack or heart failure.
"Sometimes people having a heart attack don't have chest pressure
or pain but feel extremely short of breath," Goldberg says.
"It's like they've just run a marathon when they haven't even moved."
During a heart attack, shortness of breath often accompanies chest
discomfort, but it can also occur before or without chest discomfort.
10. Sweating. Breaking out in a cold sweat is a common symptom
of heart attack. "You might just be sitting in a chair when all
of a sudden you are really sweating like you had just worked out,"
Frid says.
11. Swelling. Heart failure can cause fluid to accumulate in the body.
This can cause swelling (often in the feet, ankles, legs, or abdomen)
as well as sudden weight gain and sometimes a loss of appetite.
12. Weakness. In the days leading up to a heart attack, as
well as during one, some people experience severe, unexplained
weakness. "One woman told me it felt like she couldn't hold
a piece of paper between her fingers,"
